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Riddles – September 2026

RIDDLE: Tennis, Anyone?

Submitted by:   Karen B.

Susan and Lisa decided to play tennis against each other. They bet $1 on each game they played. Susan won three bets and Lisa won $5. How many games did they play?

Last Month’s Riddle: The Secret Password

A person approaches a secret club and hears a voice say “twelve.” They respond with “six” and are let in. Another person arrives, hears “six,” and replies with “three,” and also gains entry. The third person hears “ten,” and says “five,” but is denied entry! What should they have said to get in?

Solution: The answer is “three.” The trick is counting the letters in the number. “Ten” has three letters.

Solved by: Sarah Morris, Daniel Esses, Ralph Anteby, Lisa Cohen, Family Blum, Haim S., Big Mike, Victor Guindi, The Shmulster, and Murray D.

JUNIOR RIDDLE: Letter Mix

Submitted by:  Menashe L.

Rearrange the following letters to make one word:  NOR DO WE

Last Month’s Junior Riddle: What Is It?

What can be driven although it doesn’t have wheels, sliced but stays whole?

Solution:  A golf ball!

Solved by: The Blum Family,  Michael Fallas, Lawrence Dwek, The Big Cheese, Daniel Esses, Marie Beda, Norman H., and The Shmulster.

The Lighter Side – September 2026

Sound Advice

Joe is disturbed by his recurring dreams, so he decides to visit one of the country’s top sleep specialists.

At the appointment, Joe says, “Doc, I keep having these strange recurring dreams. One night I’m a teepee. The next I’m a wigwam. Then I’m a teepee again. Then a wigwam. It just keeps alternating, and it’s driving me crazy. What’s wrong with me?”

The doctor thinks for a moment and says, “It’s very simple, Joe. You’re two tents!”

Martin J.

Yitzchak’s Hearing Emporium

Morris realizes that he needs a hearing aid so he goes to Yitzchak’s Hearing Emporium to see what his options are.

“How much do they cost?” Morris asks Yitzchak.

“That depends,” Yitzchak says. “They run from $20.00 to $2,000.”

“Let’s see the $20.00 model,” says Morris.

Yitzchak puts the device around Morris’ neck. “You just stick this button in your ear and run this little string down to your pocket,” he instructs.

“How does it work?” asks Morris.

“For $20.00 it doesn’t work,” Yitzchak replies. “But when people see it on you, they’ll talk louder!”

Lisa D.

You Must Acquit

Howard Rose was a leading District Attorney in New York known for his work ethic and his wit. He had dedicated over a year to a murder trial that was coming to its conclusion. As the jury gave the verdict, he stared at them in disbelief.

Bitterly he asked, “What possible excuse could you have for acquitting this man?”

The foreman answered, “Insanity.”

Rose responded, “All twelve of you?”

Carolyn H.

A Blessed Decision

At a shul’s annual general meeting a very wealthy man rose to tell the rest of those present about his Jewish faith. “I’m a millionaire,” he said, “and I attribute it all to the rich blessings of Gd in my life. I remember that turning point. I had just earned my first dollar and I went to shul that night. The speaker was a famous rabbi who was fundraising for his yeshiva. I knew that I only had a dollar bill and had to either give it all to Gd’s work or nothing at all. So, at that moment I decided to give my whole dollar to Gd. I believe that Gd blessed that decision, and that is why I am a rich man today.”

He finished and there was an awed silence at his story as he moved toward his seat. As he sat down a little old lady leaned over and said to him: “I dare you to do it again.”

Joey F.

Yes, Sir!

Three-year-old Max had been told several times to get ready for bed. The last time his mother told him, she was very insistent. His response was, “Yes, sir!”

Correcting him, Max’s mother said, “You would say, ‘yes, sir,’ to a man. I am a lady, so you would say ‘yes, ma’am,’ to a lady.” To quiz him on this lesson, she then asked him, “What would you say to Abba?”

“Yes, sir!” came the reply.

“Then what would you say to Mommy?”

“Yes, ma’am!” he proudly answered.

“Good job! Now, what would you say to Bubbie?”

Little Max lit up and said, “Can I have a cookie?”

Sarah K.

Homework Issue Resolved

Mrs. Gold was having some issues with Moishie Rosenberg in her 2nd Grade class. He wasn’t doing his homework, he couldn’t seem to follow instructions properly, and it just seemed like he was all over the place.

Mrs. Gold thought she would try to get Moishie’s parents involved, perhaps the behavioral problems were even stemming from home. So, she decided to send home a note with Moishie and the next day she received the following note in return:

“Dear Mrs. Gold, Moishie is sorry he didn’t do his homework last night. He will never do it again. Yours truly, Chaim Yankel Rosenberg.”

Menahem R.

Taking Requests

Itzik’s Bistro in downtown Tel Aviv is usually full even on Open Mic Wednesdays. One particular Wednesday night, crowded as usual, a band was playing and Shuki and his friend Dudu were sitting near the stage, none too happy. At one point Shuki pipes up and asks the band leader, “Alo, can you play something by request?”

The band leader beamed and said, “Betach – of course. Whatever you want.”

“Then,” snapped Shuki, “sit down and play a game of shesh besh (backgammon) so I can finish my meal in peace.”

Rachel A.

What Would You Do?

Rabbi Feldman was teaching his 6th grade class about the halachic obligation that someone has to rescue a person in distress. Rabbi Feldman asked, “If you saw a person lying on the roadside, all wounded and bleeding, what would you do?”

Thoughtful little Sarah broke the hushed silence and said, “I think I’d throw up!”

Shirley G.

Logic Lesson

Mrs. Eckstein, the 4th grade math and science teacher at Bnai Israel school was giving was giving her students a lesson in logic.

“Here is the situation,” she said.

“A man is standing up in a boat in the middle of a river, fishing. He loses his balance, falls in, and begins splashing and yelling for help. His cousin hears the commotion, knows he can’t swim, and runs down to the bank. Why do you think his cousin ran to the bank?”

Little Rivky raised her hand and asked, “To draw out all his savings?”

Ralph S.

World Piece

One evening, Sy Feldman and his friend John McConnell are at a restaurant for dinner. As soon as the waiter takes out two steaks, Sy quickly picks out the bigger steak for himself. John looked surprised and disappointed by Sy’s actions.

Sy: “If you had the chance to pick first, which one would you pick?”

John: “The smaller piece, of course.”

Sy: “What are you so upset about then? The smaller piece is what you want, right?”

Alan Z.

Who Brews?

Manny and Miriam were arguing who gets to make the coffee in their house as both of them were very particular about how they liked their cup of Joe – the fact that they got a fancy new coffee machine also may have complicated matters. Manny wouldn’t relent and neither would Miriam, so they decided that the only way to resolve their dispute was to go and visit their rabbi.

In their meeting with Rabbi Epstein, Manny made a passionate plea, “Rabbi, the obligation of the man to brew the coffee is commanded by the Torah itself!”

“Really?” said Rabbi Epstein, surprised. “Where exactly does it say that?”

“It’s in our very name, Rabbi,” said Manny. “HE-BREWS!”

Jason L.

Back-to-School Gadget Guide 2026

Rocketbook Core Reusable Smart Notebook

The Rocketbook Core features durable synthetic pages that feel surprisingly similar to traditional paper, giving you a smooth writing experience. Use the included Pilot FriXion pen to take notes, then simply wipe the pages clean with a damp cloth and use them again and again – an easy way to cut down on paper waste.

Owala FreeSip Water Bottle (24 oz)

Staying hydrated is easy with the Owala FreeSip 24 oz bottle. Its clever FreeSip spout lets you drink through the built-in straw or tilt the bottle to sip from the wide opening, while the locking lid helps prevent leaks when it’s packed in your bag. Durable and easy to carry, it’s a school-day favorite. Available in various vibrant colors.

Bentgo Chill Kids Lunch Box

The Bentgo Chill lunch box features a removable ice pack built into the lid to help keep food cooler, longer. Multiple compartments keep snacks and lunch items neatly separated, making packing simple and organized.

Pilot FriXion Erasable Highlighters

Highlight with confidence knowing mistakes or highlighting don’t have to be permanent. Pilot FriXion Highlighters use thermo-sensitive ink that can be erased with the built-in friction tip, making it easy to tidy up notes or your friend’s book. They’re perfect for students who like color-coded revision without the stress of getting it exactly right the first time.

Nelko P21 Label Maker Machine

Keep school supplies organized with the compact Nelko P21 label maker. It connects to your smartphone via Bluetooth, letting you design and print labels for notebooks, folders, storage containers, and chargers in just a few taps. It’s a simple gadget that can make staying organized much easier.

Poojaed Magnetic Levitating Floating Globe

This eye-catching desk accessory uses magnetic levitation to suspend a globe in mid-air, where it slowly rotates above its base. It’s a fun demonstration of magnetic forces and is a unique decoration for a study space. Science and style come together in one cool gadget.

Shure MV5C Home Office Microphone

Whether you’re recording a school presentation or joining an online class,  the Shure MV5C is designed to capture clear, natural-sounding speech. It connects via USB to compatible computers and helps deliver more polished audio than many built-in laptop microphones. It’s a great upgrade for students who regularly create digital content.

Mustard Made Twinny Locker

Bring a touch of classic school style into your bedroom with the Twinny locker from Mustard Made. Inspired by traditional lockers, it includes shelves, hooks, and lockable doors for storing books, stationery, sports gear, or collectibles. It’s practical storage with plenty of personality.

Vihose Classroom Pencil Lamp with Glass LED Design Add a playful touch to your desk with this oversized pencil-shaped LED lamp. Its warm light makes it a fun decorative accent while creating a cozy atmosphere for reading or relaxing. It’s an easy way to brighten up any homework corner.

Protect Our Shuls: Urge Your Lawmakers to Back Buffer Zones

Linda  Sadacka

There is a difference between protesting a government (namely Israel’s) and intimidating a religious community.

Across the country, anti-Israel activists have increasingly taken their political grievances beyond government buildings, universities, and public squares and brought them directly to synagogues. Jewish families arriving for prayer services, communal gatherings, and events have found themselves confronted by hostile crowds, aggressive chants, blocked entrances, and an atmosphere that can make walking through the doors of a house of worship feel like an act of defiance.

First Amendment Protections

The First Amendment protects the right to protest. It protects offensive speech, unpopular opinions, and political expression that many Americans may find reprehensible. That protection is not incidental to American liberty. It is one of its foundations.

But the Constitution protects something else as well: the free exercise of religion.

Those two freedoms should not be treated as though one must swallow the other.

Americans have every right to protest Israeli policy, condemn Zionism, or criticize the Israeli government in public spaces.

Targeting

But when a political movement deliberately chooses the entrance of a synagogue as the place where American Jews will be confronted over the actions of a foreign government, we should ask a question that has too often gone unasked:

Why the synagogue? A synagogue is not an embassy. It is not a legislature. It is not the Israeli government. It is where Jews pray.

And to Brooke Goldstein, a human-rights attorney, award-winning filmmaker, and Founder and Executive Director of The Lawfare Project, the choice of target is itself revealing.

“The target tells you everything about who these protesters are really targeting,” Goldstein said. “When protesters walk past consulates and embassies, the United Nations, and every government office in New York City and choose to stand outside a Jewish house of worship, they are clearly and unambiguously targeting Jews as Jews.”

Intimidation

Goldstein points to the November 19, 2025 protest outside Park East Synagogue, where, a demonstrator was captured on camera saying, “We need to make them scared.”

“A synagogue doesn’t make foreign policy and is not representative of any government,” Goldstein said. “The only ‘them’ to make scared are congregants.”

New York State Senator Sam Sutton put that distinction plainly.

“When a protest is deliberately positioned at the entrance of a synagogue, the message is no longer simply political. It’s usually an act of intimidation designed to make Jewish families afraid to walk through the doors of their own house of worship. We must protect the First Amendment, but the First Amendment does not give anyone the right to threaten, harass, or intimidate people exercising their own constitutional right to worship. That is exactly why the buffer zone was so important: no New Yorker should have to face a gauntlet of agitators simply to pray.”

No American should have to run a gauntlet of political agitators simply to pray.

Yet elected officials have often appeared more worried about being accused of restricting protest than about confronting conduct that crosses from expression into intimidation.

As Sutton put it, “Protecting free speech and protecting people from intimidation are not contradictory principles. We can and must do both.”

That is the heart of the issue.

Protecting Freedom of Religion

Religious liberty cannot exist only on paper. It must be possible to exercise it in practice. Americans should be able to walk into a synagogue, church, mosque, or other house of worship without having to calculate whether organized intimidation awaits at the entrance.

The bipartisan Right to Worship Act seeks to address this. The legislation would create a 100-foot protected area around houses of worship during services and communal gatherings, to provide greater protection against obstruction, harassment, and intimidation while preserving constitutionally protected expression.

A Jewish mother should not have to walk her children through a crowd screaming about a foreign conflict simply to attend a synagogue program.

This is not an argument for silencing protest. Holding a sign, criticizing Israel, and peacefully demonstrating are considered speech. Blocking synagogue entrances, threatening worshippers, or deliberately disrupting religious activity are considered conduct.

Any buffer-zone law must be carefully drawn so government cannot suppress lawful political expression. But protecting access to a house of worship is not the same thing as suppressing speech. The right to protest does not create an entitlement to threaten or harass worshippers. Protecting religious access does not require the suppression of political dissent.

More importantly, this cannot be understood merely as a Jewish issue. Sutton framed the larger principle in terms that should concern every American.

“No citizen should have to choose between exercising their constitutional rights and exposing themselves or their family to harassment and intimidation. Today that may be a Jewish family walking into a synagogue. Tomorrow it could be any religious or minority community.”

Adaption – Not Acceptance

Freedom of religion is not a special accommodation. It is a foundational American right. Perhaps the most troubling development is how rapidly the extraordinary has become ordinary for American Jews. Private security, guards, and locked doors have become familiar features of Jewish communal life. Jews have learned to adapt. But adaptation should never be mistaken for acceptance.

The burden must also fall on government to ensure that intimidation does not become the price of practicing one’s religion. And this is where outrage must become action.

The Orthodox Union Advocacy Center is urging constituents to contact their senators in support of the Right to Worship Act through its pre-written action alert. Synagogues, schools, rabbis and community organizations should circulate it.

There will always be fierce political disagreement in America. There should be room for demonstrations over Israel, American foreign policy, war, religion, and countless other subjects. But the existence of one constitutional liberty does not require the surrender of another.

We should not have to choose between an America in which people can protest and an America in which people can pray. A free society should be capable of defending both, especially when political anger directed at a foreign government is redirected toward American citizens walking into a house of worship.

That is no longer simply a debate about Israel. It is a test of whether Americans still understand what religious liberty requires and whether we are prepared to defend it before intimidation becomes an accepted feature of American religious life.

America has plenty of space for protest. Surely we can preserve 100 feet for worship.

Chaos at M&S: One Spot, Four Teams, and a Finish Nobody Could Script

Sam J. Sutton

Eighteen years.

You would think by now M&S Softball had exhausted every possible way to create drama.

Apparently not.

As the 2026 regular season reaches its final games, we already know who sits atop the mountain. We know one semifinal matchup. We know who is waiting in the Wild Card. But somehow, incredibly, we still don’t know who the fifth and final playoff team will be.

And getting there may require an entire tournament just to determine who gets into the tournament.

Welcome to Year 18.

Icey Hot Leaves No Doubt

While chaos reigns beneath them, Icey Hot has been the one constant.

At 11-3, they officially secured the No. 1 seed after closing their regular season with six consecutive wins. Their latest statement was a sweep of the Party Animals. Two wins that simultaneously cemented Icey Hot atop the standings and threw the rest of the league into complete disarray.

Marc Sayegh has anchored the pitching, while Moshe Menshikov, David Brecher, Jackie Haber, and a deep lineup have made Icey Hot arguably the most complete team in the league.

Their reward? Rest.

Icey Hot now waits for the dust to settle and will face the eventual Wild Card winner in the semifinals.

A Heavyweight Semifinal Is Set

We also know the other semifinal matchup.

Chronicles Unhinged and the Summer Knight Kings will meet in the 2-vs.-3 series after both finished 8-6.

Chronicles has featured one of the league’s deepest offensive groups throughout the season, while the Summer Knight Kings looked nearly unbeatable early on, beginning the year 6-0 before navigating a much tougher second half.

Now none of that matters. They’re both in, and one will play for an M&S championship.

One Mo Time Is Waiting

Perhaps no team changed its trajectory more dramatically than One Mo Time.

At one point, buried near the bottom of the standings, OMT completely reshaped its roster through a flurry of trades and acquisitions. The result was a second-half surge that secured the No. 4 seed at 7-7.

Their assignment is now simple: wait.

One Mo Time will play the eventual No. 5 seed in a nine-inning Wild Card game, with the winner advancing to face Icey Hot.

Figuring out who OMT will actually play?

That’s where things get ridiculous.

Four Teams. One Spot.

The Party Animals and Murderers Row are both 6-8. Downtown and Take Two are both 4-8, with their final doubleheader still to be played.

And all four are alive.

If Downtown and Take Two split, Party Animals and Murderers Row meet in a seven-inning winner-take-all game. Winner gets the No. 5 seed.

But if either Downtown or Take Two sweeps, the sweep winner first faces Party Animals. That winner then faces Murderers Row.

Survive all of that and congratulations! – you’ve earned the right to play One Mo Time in the Wild Card.

Four teams. One chair.

The Future Is Now

Earlier this season, we called 2026 “The Future Is Now.”

A major youth movement has reshaped M&S. New stars have emerged, younger players have taken larger roles, and they’ve joined a veteran core that isn’t quite ready to hand over the keys.

After 18 years, the league keeps evolving. The names change. The stars change. The standings change. The drama never does.

By the time you read this, we may finally know who survived.

As I write it?

Four teams. One playoff spot. Absolute chaos. Welcome to M&S Softball!

Living Emunah – Open Wide

Our greatest privilege in This World is serving Hashem, following the Torah, and keeping the mitzvot. However, not everyone is so fortunate. Some have family members who have strayed from the path. Others have not been properly exposed to religion. It’s a merit to be able to serve Hashem, and we need to constantly ask for His help to continue.

The pasuk (Tehillim 81:11) says, “Open your mouth wide and I [Hashem] will fill it.” The commentaries explain that this refers to asking Hashem for help in religion. We pray a lot for our physical wellbeing. We ask Hashem for help with health and money, but we need to beg Him for help in religion, as well. The key to religious success is to want it and ask Hashem for help.

The book V’Sargilenu B’Sorasecha tells of a boy in Eretz Yisrael who came from a secular background. As he grew up, he yearned to become religious. He begged his parents to take him out of public school and put him in yeshivah.

After months of back and forth, his mother finally took him for an interview at Yeshivat Ohr Yisrael in Petach Tikvah. The Rosh Yeshivah, Rav Yaakov Neiman, saw that this boy had no background in Torah. He explained that his yeshivah was for boys much more advanced in their learning, and recommended a different yeshivah instead.

At that moment, the boy broke down in tears. The Rabbi asked why, and the boy explained, “My mother finally let me come to this yeshivah for a trial. It’s almost a miracle. Who knows if she will let me try somewhere else?”

Stunned by the child’s outburst, the Rabbi told the mother that the boy was accepted. She was a little disturbed. “How can you accept him?” she asked. “You just told us that he doesn’t have the necessary skills. He will be a failure.”

The Rabbi explained, “When I saw your son crying, and he explained how much he yearns to grow in Torah, everything changed. Someone who wants Torah that badly will have Heavenly help. When Hashem helps, anything is possible.”

We need the desire, and then we need to ask Hashem for help.

A principal in a local day school told me that one Rosh Hashanah, he had a dream that the Rosh Yeshivah was talking to him. “You think you are a good principal,” he said. “There is a father of a boy in the school that doesn’t even know how to read Hebrew.” He told him the name and asked, “Why aren’t you helping him?”

After Rosh Hashanah, the principal called the Rosh Yeshivah and asked whether he knew anything about this student’s father’s reading capabilities. “No,” he responded. “Why do you ask?” The principal told him about the dream, and the Rosh Yeshivah was taken aback. “You must call that father directly and find out.”

The principal called and casually brought up the subject of reading and inquired about his abilities. The man acknowledged that he did not know how to read Hebrew at all. He said that it was very embarrassing for him. On the High Holy Days, he is easily frustrated sitting in shul for hours, unable to read any of the prayers. He recently began begging Hashem, in his own words, to help him with his reading. In fact, moments before the principal called, he was telling someone about his reading problem and that he needs help.

 “How did you know I can’t read?” he asked the principal. “I always kept this fact as private as possible.”

The principal told him about the dream, and the man was amazed. Furthermore, the principal added, he had just taken a course on how to teach reading on all levels, even to those with disabilities!

The principal began giving lessons to this man, who knew of others who also couldn’t read; they are joining this class as well. The father had a desire to pray and learn in Hebrew. He asked Hashem for help, and Hashem helped him in a wondrous way.

We all need help in different areas of avodat Hashem. The key to success is desiring it and asking Hashem for help. If we lack the desire, we can ask Hashem for help with that, too!

Inventor’s Spotlight: Curious Minds That Changed the World

This month we explore the intriguing history behind the…

SELF-DRIVING CAR

For decades, a car that could drive itself existed mostly in science-fiction movies and futuristic drawings. The idea seemed impossible: a vehicle that could understand the road, avoid obstacles, follow traffic rules, and make decisions without a human behind the wheel.

Today, self-driving technology is no longer just a dream. While fully autonomous vehicles that can drive anywhere under all conditions do not yet exist, cars with advanced automated features are already on roads around the world. Behind this transformation is more than a century of research involving engineers, computer scientists, robotics experts, and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers.

The modern self-driving car was not invented by one person or one company. It was created through decades of discoveries that allowed vehicles to sense their surroundings, process information, and respond to changing situations.

The Early Search for Automated Vehicles

The idea of a driverless vehicle began long before modern computers existed. In 1926, a radio-controlled vehicle called the American Wonder traveled through New York City streets in a public demonstration. Although it appeared to drive itself, it was controlled remotely by a person in another vehicle. It was an important demonstration of automation, but it was not truly autonomous.

Interest in automated transportation continued throughout the twentieth century. At the 1939 New York World’s Fair, designer Norman Bel Geddes presented his famous Futurama exhibit, which imagined a future filled with advanced highways and automated traffic systems. Although the technology needed to create that vision did not yet exist, it encouraged engineers to explore new possibilities.

Real progress began when computers became powerful enough to help vehicles understand their environment. During the 1980s, researchers developed experimental autonomous vehicles using cameras, sensors, and computer programs. Carnegie Mellon University’s Navlab project and German engineer Ernst Dickmanns’ work on computer vision demonstrated that vehicles could begin recognizing roads, lanes, and other objects.

Another important milestone was the European PROMETHEUS Project, launched in 1987. This large research effort helped advance technologies such as computer vision, intelligent vehicle systems, and automated driving concepts.

However, early experiments revealed how difficult autonomous driving really was. A human driver makes thousands of decisions almost instantly, often without thinking. Teaching a computer to handle the same variety of situations required major advances in sensors, software, and artificial intelligence.

The Engineering Breakthroughs Behind Self-Driving Cars

Modern autonomous vehicles work because several technologies operate together.

Cameras provide visual information similar to human eyesight. They can recognize lane markings, traffic signs, pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles. However, cameras can struggle in conditions such as heavy rain, fog, or darkness.

Radar helps solve some of these problems by using radio waves to detect the distance and movement of objects. It is especially useful for measuring the speed of nearby vehicles and maintaining safe distances from them.

Many autonomous vehicles also use lidar, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging. Lidar uses laser pulses to create detailed three-dimensional maps of the environment around the vehicle. This allows the vehicle to understand the location and shape of objects nearby.

Location technology is another key part of autonomous driving. GPS helps determine where a vehicle is, but self-driving systems require much greater accuracy than ordinary navigation apps. Engineers combine GPS with high-definition maps, motion sensors, and other information to determine a vehicle’s position.

The most important technology may be the vehicle’s artificial intelligence system. AI software combines information from all the sensors, identifies objects, predicts how they may move, plans a safe route, and controls the vehicle’s steering, acceleration, and braking. These decisions must happen in fractions of a second.

The Competition That Accelerated Innovation

One of the biggest turning points in self-driving technology came from the DARPA Grand Challenge, organized by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

The first competition in 2004 challenged teams to build vehicles that could travel across a desert course without human control. None of the vehicles completed the route, showing how challenging autonomous driving was.

By 2005, progress had improved dramatically. Several teams completed the course, and Stanford University’s autonomous vehicle, Stanley, won the competition. The achievement proved that self-driving technology was advancing quickly.

In 2007, DARPA created the Urban Challenge, which required vehicles to handle more realistic driving situations, including intersections, traffic rules, and interactions with other vehicles. Many researchers involved in these competitions later helped develop autonomous technology at major technology companies and automobile manufacturers.

In 2009, Google launched its self-driving car project, bringing together experts in artificial intelligence, robotics, mapping, and engineering. The project later became Waymo, which became one of the leading companies developing autonomous vehicle technology.

How Self-Driving Technology Is Used Today

Although fully autonomous cars are not yet available everywhere, self-driving technology is already being used in several ways.

Some companies operate autonomous ride-hailing services in limited areas where vehicles have been carefully tested and approved. These vehicles use cameras, radar, lidar, maps, and AI systems to navigate without a human driver inside under specific conditions.

Most people encounter a simpler form of this technology through advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). Features such as adaptive cruise control, lane-keeping assistance, automatic emergency braking, and automated parking help drivers but do not replace them. Human drivers must remain responsible and ready to take control.

Autonomous technology is also used outside passenger cars. Mining companies use self-driving trucks in controlled environments, farmers use automated machinery for precision agriculture, and warehouses use robots to move products efficiently.

The Benefits and Challenges

Supporters of autonomous vehicles believe they could make transportation safer and more accessible. Human mistakes, including distraction, fatigue, and impaired driving, contribute to many crashes. Autonomous systems do not become tired or distracted, and engineers hope they can eventually reduce accidents caused by human error.

Self-driving vehicles could also provide greater independence for people who cannot drive, including some older adults and people with disabilities. They may improve access to jobs, education, healthcare, and daily activities.

However, major challenges remain. Autonomous vehicles must handle unpredictable situations such as construction zones, extreme weather, emergency vehicles, and unusual road conditions. Engineers must also protect vehicles from cybersecurity threats and create safety standards that build public trust.

Another challenge is that today’s autonomous systems operate only within specific limits. A vehicle that can drive itself in one location or situation may not be able to operate safely somewhere else.

The Future of Autonomous Driving

The future of self-driving cars will likely develop step by step rather than arrive suddenly. Engineers continue improving AI, sensors, computer power, and mapping technology.

Researchers are also exploring vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, which could allow cars and roads to share information about traffic, hazards, and changing conditions.

Autonomous trucks, robotaxis, and automated systems in agriculture and logistics may continue expanding. However, the goal of Level 5 autonomy – a vehicle capable of driving anywhere in any conditions without human involvement – remains a long-term challenge.

The invention of the modern self-driving car is a story of human creativity and engineering persistence. From early experiments with remote-controlled vehicles to today’s AI-powered systems, each breakthrough has brought transportation closer to a new era.

The self-driving car is still being invented. The engineers and innovators of the future will determine how far this technology can go – and how it will reshape the way people move around the world.

Exploring the Wonders of the Human Anatomy – How Do We Smell Things?

Your incredible sense of smell can tell you so much about the world around you. It can give you pleasure (think, the wafting aroma of freshly baked challah), warn of danger (think, the smell of smoke or gas), and help you taste food. Life without scents, odors, and aromas would be pretty boring.

Smells are made from tiny chemicals that are inside of odor molecules. These molecules are really small – at most, a few nanometers in size (a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter) – and they float in the air.

Smelling starts with your nostrils. When you breathe in through your nostrils, the air, along with the odor molecules, travel into your nasal cavity, which is behind your nose and above the hard roof of your mouth. Inside your nasal cavity, you have a smelling factory called the olfactory epithelium (ol-FAK-tor-ee eh-puh-THEE-lee-um). It contains very tiny cell receptors that pick up and recognize odors. Your nose has between six million and ten million of these receptors! (Although this sounds like a lot, dogs have up to 300 million olfactory receptors! No wonder dogs have such a great sense of smell!)

These special receptor cells detect smells in the air that you breathe in, and send information about them to the parts of your brain that deal with emotion and memory. This is why smells from our past, such as a delicious bowl of cholent on Shabbos morning or the salty spray at the seashore, can bring back strong feelings and powerful memories.

Mother Nose Best

Women have a stronger sense of smell than men!

Words of Wisdom 

When referring to Mashiach, Yeshayah Hanavi says, “V’haricho b’yirat Hashem… – And he will delight in the fear of Hashem…” (Yeshayah 11:3). “V’haricho – “and he will delight” has the same root as the word for “rei’ach – smell.” Chazal interpret this to mean that Mashiach will be able to judge through the sense of smell. Indeed, the Gemara (Sanhedrin 93b) discusses how a false Mashiach was detected because of his inability to judge by scent.

As with taste, our sense of smell is based on receptor cells (in the nose) detecting odor molecules floating in the air, and sending messages about them to the brain. Unlike taste, smell is a long-distance sense; we can sniff out certain odors from hundreds of yards away.

Makes Sense

Smell is the only one of the five senses directly connected to the area of the brain where memories are formed and emotions are processed.

Why Can’t I Taste When I Have a Cold?

When you have a cold, your nasal passages become swollen and produce extra mucus, which blocks your nose. This makes it difficult for your sense of smell to work. But why does a cold diminish your sense of taste?

The answer is that, although taste and smell are separate senses, with their own receptors, they are closely intertwined. While the tongue has thousands of taste buds to detect the five primary tastes (salty, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami), it’s the sense of smell that provides the rest of a food’s flavor. That is why it’s difficult to appreciate a food’s flavor when you have a nasal obstruction due to a cold or stuffy nose. However, you can still feel the texture and temperature of the food, since this information is processed on the tongue. That is why you are still able to distinguish whether the food you are eating is hot or cold, and coarse or smooth.

The Common Cold

In the United States, colds account for more visits to the doctor than any other condition!

Fact or Fiction??

Cold temperatures can cause a cold.

This is not true. Cold weather makes you cold, but it doesn’t cause a cold. Both the common cold and the flu are viruses, and they’re not hanging out in the wintry air but in other humans and the surfaces they touch. While the weather is not directly responsible for making people sick, the viruses that cause colds may spread more easily in lower temperatures, and exposure to cold and dry air is not good for the body’s immune system.

Selective Smelling

The same way that the brain can block out sounds that are unwanted, a similar block-out mechanism exists for odors. If you are overwhelmed by a particular odor, after a while you cannot detect it. This makes it possible for someone to tolerate an unpleasant odor after overcoming his initial dislike of it. However, the sensitivity of the smelling organs remains. Even in the stench of a garbage dump, a rose will still smell as sweet as ever.

The sense of smell is backed up by an excellent memory. Every odor that is recorded by the brain is stored away in a person’s long-term memory bank, where it remains ready for instant recall. There are distinctive smells of childhood, homes, gardens, cars, clothes, foods, flowers, etc. Each and every one of the thousands of different odors that enter our noses is faithfully filed away in a manner that no one can explain.

The ability to detect odor is a great kindness, one that we sometimes only appreciate when we temporarily lose our sense of smell due to a cold. The fact that there is such a variety of odors and aromas in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, each more pleasant than the next, and that so many millions of odor-sensing “machines” are consistently, faithfully, and humbly working hard at the top of our nose, is no accident. It points to a great plan and design, expertly created by the most brilliant Designer.

Community Highlights – Yankees Legend Jim Leyritz Visits Camp Simcha

New York Yankees legend Jim Leyritz brought an afternoon of baseball, excitement, and inspiration to the children of Camp Simcha who are all battling serious illnesses. The visit was arranged by New York State Assemblyman Simcha Eichenstein.

Leyritz is best known for his unforgettable three-run home run in Game 4 of the 1996 World Series, a dramatic moment that helped turn the tide for the Yankees in that series and sparked the late 1990s Yankees dynasty, which won four championships in five years.

During his visit, Leyritz played baseball with the campers, shared tips and expertise, and encouraged them to keep fighting. He was deeply touched by the children he met and inspired by their courage.

Leyritz shared the story of his legendary home run and the determination it took to come through in a crucial moment. “I was down to my last strike, and I didn’t give up,” Leyritz told the campers. “Remember that! As long as you have one strike or one breath left, you can overcome just about anything.”

“It was an absolute honor to bring baseball legend Jim Leyritz to Camp Simcha,” said Assemblyman Simcha Eichenstein. “He brought big smiles, unforgettable stories, and tremendous joy to some of the bravest and most resilient kids you will ever meet. His visit was a tremendous inspiration to all the campers, who are facing challenges of their own with incredible strength and courage.”

The Courts Have Spoken: STOP THE BIKE LANES!

A temporary court order has halted New York City’s plans to install new bike lanes in parts of Midwood, Brooklyn, following a lawsuit filed by local residents and organizations. The ruling prevents the Department of Transportation (DOT) from moving forward with the project south of Avenue H while the legal challenge proceeds.

Residents opposing the bike lanes argue the city failed to provide the required public notice and meaningful community input before advancing the project. The lawsuit contends that local elected officials and Community Board 14 were not adequately consulted, despite requests for a public meeting to discuss the proposed street changes.

The legal challenge was filed by several residents and local organizations, including Mesivta Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin, Yellow Door, and Glatt Mart. It also received support from Councilmembers Simcha Felder and Inna Vernikov, along with Assemblymembers Simcha Eichenstein and Kalman Yeger. The lawmakers called the court order a victory for community involvement, accusing the city of advancing the project without meaningful public engagement. They also argued the proposed bike lanes could create traffic and safety concerns in the neighborhood.

The temporary restraining order is scheduled to remain in effect through Nov. 25th while the case moves forward. The court will ultimately determine whether the city can proceed with the planned bike lanes or must revisit its approval process.

Councilman Simcha Felder’s Fight Pays Off

After months of fighting city agencies to address the disruption caused by the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Department of Design and Construction (DDC) green infrastructure project in Boro Park, Councilman Simcha Felder secured a major victory for residents: DDC will relocate its long-term construction staging materials off residential streets, restoring parking spaces that were occupied for months. The change is expected to reduce the project’s staging footprint by as much as 70 percent, addressing one of the community’s biggest concerns.

“Every parking space we bring back to the community matters,” said Councilman Simcha Felder. “That’s why we asked senior city officials to leave their comfortable conference rooms and come out to see firsthand what Boro Park residents have been dealing with these many months.”

Felder is now writing legislation to require agencies to conduct an inter-agency “Community Impact Assessment” in consultation with local representatives and the Community Board, before any major project can be approved. The assessment would identify the people and communities most likely to be affected and their specific cultural or community needs. It would then identify the negative impacts of the project on communities such as temporary loss of parking, access to private properties and public services, or other community resources during construction – and require the agencies to plan how they will reduce those impacts and help residents navigate them for the duration of the project.

Pavlova Puffs

The Foam Maker

Egg whites are about 90% water and 10% protein. When you whip them, they trap tiny air bubbles inside a stretchy protein network, turning them into a fluffy foam that can grow up to about 6–8 times bigger, which is what makes pavlova so light and airy.

Chef Shiri Says…

Make “emoji pavlovas” by arranging fruit faces – strawberries for smiles, berries for eyes, and banana slices for eyebrows. If you want extra crunch, sprinkle a little crushed chocolate or chocolate chips on top of the whipped cream!

Creative Cooking with

Chef Shiri

Kids – See if you have what it takes to become a Junior Chef!

Adult Supervision Required

Utensils Needed

  • Large mixing bowl
  • Electric mixer (hand mixer or stand mixer)
  • Baking tray
  • Baking/parchment paper
  • Spoon or piping bag
  • Spatula
  • Small knife
  • Cup or glass 
  • Oven mitts

Ingredients

  • 4 egg whites (room temperature)
  • 1 cup superfine sugar (or regular white sugar)
  • 1 teaspoon vinegar or lemon juice
  • 1 teaspoon cornstarch
  • 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
  • 2 cups non-dairy whipped cream
  • 1 to 2 cups fresh strawberries, sliced

Let’s Get Started!

  1. Preheat oven to 225 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a baking tray with parchment paper. (Optional: draw 10–12 small circles on the paper and flip it over.)
  2. Beat egg whites in a clean, dry bowl with an electric mixer until soft peaks form.
  3. Slowly add sugar, one spoon at a time, mixing until it is fully dissolved and the mixture is thick, shiny, and forms stiff peaks.
  4. Gently mix in vinegar, cornstarch, and vanilla extract.
  5. Spoon or pipe into small nest shapes on the tray, making a dip in the center of each one.
  6. Bake for 55–75 minutes until dry but not browned. Do not open the oven while baking.
  7. Turn the oven off and leave pavlovas inside with the door slightly open for 1 hour to cool slowly. Use oven mitts when handling the hot tray.
  8. Once completely cool, top with parve whipped cream and sliced strawberries just before serving.

Makes 10-12 Pavlova Puffs!

Berry Popular!

Strawberries are one of the first fruits to ripen in late spring and early summer, and they’re one of the most popular dessert fruits in the world because they are sweet, juicy, and taste amazing with cream – like on pavlova!