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The Case – !!Get Out

David rented a home from Steven for ten months, with the rental contract expiring on June 30, 2022. Although David was planning a trip overseas in early June, he nevertheless, as per his contractual obligation, sent Steven payment in full for the month of June. David moved all his belongings out of the house and returned the keys to Steven on June 7th, before he left for overseas with his family. While overseas, David immediately realized that he forgot to empty the vault in the master bedroom prior to his departure. He contacted his brother and gave him the code to the back door to enter and collect his valuables from the vault. Upon his brother’s entry to the home, he was confronted with an entire family living on the premises. The brother contacted Steven, the owner, and he arranged for the vault to be emptied and its contents returned. However, David was exasperated that Steven, without consent, rented out the home to another family before June 30. In Bet Din, David demanded of Steven that all proceeds from the new tenants are to be forwarded to him. David explained that since he rented and paid for the home until June 30, he is the rightful owner and is entitled to the earnings. Steven replied that as the owner he had the right to rent out the vacancy especially after David returned to him the keys. Furthermore, Steven explained that he rented his home for the summer at a high summer rate per month and he clearly had no intention of forwarding his earnings to David. David responded by threatening that either the summer tenants vacate the property until July 1, or all proceeds of the three-week term be paid to him.  

How should the Bet Din rule and why?

Torah Law 

According to the ruling of the Shulhan Aruch, a tenant that illegally sublets a property is not entitled to the additional profits earned. Since the tenant was not authorized to sublet the property, he is subsequently required to forward all proceeds above his cost of rent to the landlord. Depending on the contractual agreement, illegal subletting of a property can be viewed as a material breach of contract and is grounds for immediate eviction. Although in such instances a tenant is entitled to recoup his cost of rent, he is not the owner of the property and is subject to the above-mentioned consequences.  

As a rule, a landlord is restricted from renting out his property after already renting it to another party. If a landlord violates such a rule and rents out his property to two different tenants simultaneously, his actions are viewed a fraudulent. Consequently, he is to incur the cost of damage sustained to the tenants he wronged. 

An exception to this rule includes instances in which a tenant completely vacates a property. When a property is abandoned by a tenant, an owner maintains the legal right to protect his property and provide entry to new tenants. After all, a deserted, unattended property is subject to damage that otherwise would not occur if occupied. Examples of burst pipes, fires, leaks, and the like are common occurrences when a property is left vacant. Some of these damages are actually attributed to forces that enter a home that is desolate. 

In such an instance, in which a landlord chooses to rent out his property deserted by a tenant, numerous halachic authorities award him with any additional earnings as a result of the new tenancy. Hence, after the landlord reimburses his original tenant with the already paid rent, he is entitled to the additional earnings. Although some halachic authorities differ with such a distribution, in our case at hand, all halachic authorities will consent to awarding the landlord with the additional earnings.  

Since the tenant only had three weeks left on his lease, it stands to reason that he would have had a very difficult time subletting the home for only the last three weeks of the month of June. The landlord who rented out his property for an exorbitant sum was only able to do so because he rented out the property for three months, through the first week of September. Hence, upon appraisal of the tenant’s stake in the property for the balance of his contract, our Bet Din concluded that reimbursing him three week’s rent is sufficient. 

Additionally, even if the amount of reimbursement due to the tenant is a halachic dispute, an owner in possession of the collected funds can withhold from paying additional compensation. Since he is in possession of the money, the owner is entitled to rely on the halachic rulings that minimize the sum he is required to pay. 

Lastly, a Bet Din will accept the defense of a tenant claiming that he only returned the keys of a rented home due to his upcoming travel plans. Hence, in such instances, a tenant is entitled to the estimated value of his stake in the property until the termination of his lease. Returning the keys of a home is not an indication that one willingly forfeited his rights or claims.

Verdict: Let’s Be Reasonable 

Our Bet Din ruled that Steven, the landlord, is only required to reimburse David with the rent he prepaid for those three weeks. Any additional earnings generated from the summer rental rightfully belong to Steven. As mentioned in Torah law, once David vacated and emptied the property, Steven, the owner, maintained the legal right to sublet the home to new tenants. By contrast, David was restricted by contract to sublet the property for the duration of his rental term. It therefore stands to reason that the proceeds of the three-week rental belong to Steven. Nevertheless, Steven is required to reimburse David for the prorated rate of the rent he paid, in order to exercise his right to bring new tenants into the vacated home. After all, David rented the home until June 30. David’s claim that the new tenants are to “get out” was rejected by our Bet Din. Not only did Steven maintain the legal right to rent out the property, but the rental was also beneficial to David as well, as he recouped three weeks of prepaid rent. David was not returning from overseas before June 30; hence, he has no right to restrict entry.  

Additionally, David’s claim demanding all profit generated was rejected, since it was a baseless claim. David would have had a very difficult time subletting the home for only the last three weeks of June. Even if he succeeded in doing so, it was likely to be at a very reduced rate.  Hence, it is clearly sufficient to return to him his cost of rent as compensation.  Steven, on the other hand, as the owner, rented out the property through the first week of September, making him the rightful owner of the exorbitant summer rental income.

YOU BE THE JUDGE 

Take Me Home 

Harry and six of his friends borrowed Jack’s van to travel south of New York, to a town in South Carolina. When Jack gave the keys of the van to Harry, he was aware of his travel destination and of the other six travel companions. While in South Carolina, the van broke down and the group hired a mechanic to determine the cause of the car’s sudden failure. Upon hearing that the car was not easily repairable, but rather that the engine blew, Harry called Jack, who instructed him to tow the car back to New York. Harry paid for the cost of towing the van back to New York, a sum amounting to $1,750. Thereafter, Harry reached out to each of his six friends to collect $250 to cover the costs of towing. One of the friends was unwilling to participate, and suggested that Jack, the owner, was required to pay for the towing. The young man claimed that since the cause of damage was beyond their control, they are not liable for any of the costs incurred. The parties came before our Bet Din to resolve their dispute.  

Who is responsible to pay for a new engine, the cost of towing, and the fee for the mechanic who originally checked the car? Harry? The group of seven friends? Jack?  How should the Bet Din rule and why?

Rabbi Victor Harari’s Mission to Help Mainstream Special Kids

– Avi Kumar
In 1995, Rabbi Victor Harari and his wife Nili founded Nesach Yisrael, an institution that “gives children with learning disabilities a future.”  Rabbi Harari was born in Egypt and grew up Brooklyn. He is of Syrian Sephardic heritage. Harari, a community advocate and businessman in New York, made Aliyah in the 90s along with his wife Nili, who holds a PhD and is an educator by profession.

In an interview with Community Magazine, Rabbi Harari said, “We teach children with all kinds of disabilities and disorders so that they can go back into the regular school system without any stigma. What most people don’t realize is that you can feed a child, clothe a person, and provide them with various other things. But to teach them how to become independent, and do these same things on their own, now – that takes a very high level of charity to accomplish.”

A School Is Created

The Harari’s first opened up a childhood center over twenty years ago. Later, they were approached by many teachers and parents regarding children with a myriad of different disabilities, especially dyslexia, hyperactivity, and reading and learning difficulties. Rabbi Harari calls these challenges, “all the ABCs of life that these children struggle with.” He continues, “So, we asked a few rabbinical leaders for their blessings and guidance with this. Eventually, some of them suggested creating such a school and so we decided to do it.”

The 62-year-old rabbi explained, “Some of our students come from very decent backgrounds, good homes that are not dysfunctional, and have no serious ailments. It is just that they have some problem that they need help to overcome. As the years go by and they fall through the cracks of the system, they become mislabeled or misrepresented by the educational institution and then end up falling out of society. Our job here is to help them at an early age, so that when it is time to enter elementary or high school, they will be better settled and able to interact with others in society.”

Inspiration from Community Elders

“Growing up in the Sephardic community of New York was my inspiration to begin this venture. The elders in this community are the pioneers in helping. We believe in passion with compassion. When we see a child walk in through our doors we don’t discriminate. We don’t see a kid who is smart or not smart, rich or poor. Our goal is to help them with whatever challenges they and their family face in life – this is done with a lot of love!”

Working with Students and Families
“Our school does not function like a regular school.” said Nili. “We have 15 students per class, the teachers all have a BA. The assistants also have the necessary qualifications. We have on board a psychologist, speech therapist, behavioral therapist, and occupational therapists. We have special teachers for everything. Our job is to give them all the tools to upgrade their abilities.” She continued, “We ask the parents, ‘Which school do you want your child to go to?’  We then go to meetings with local principals and talk with them to see what they require. Think of it as an ‘in-between school’ that gives students a much-needed boost before they can go back to regular school.” 

Nesach Yisrael also places an emphasis on extracurricular activities. For example, during the holidays, they take their students to hospitals to give gifts to children or the elderly who are hospitalized. “And I hope, that when they grow up, they gain the maturity to do volunteer work and acts of kindness on their own. This is why we try to celebrate as many special occasions with the children and their families as we can,” explained Rabbi Harari.

Each child has a file, which includes notes on their learning abilities, “So even after they leave, if they fall between the cracks, we can help them once again.”

Today, Nesach Yisrael has around 100 students in total, ranging in age from 3-14 years, with the younger students attending class in the morning and older students in the afternoon, after “regular school” for their supplementary guidance. Many of them go back to “regular” school after getting the help they need! 
 

Individual Approach for Each Child 

“Every situation is different. So, we go deep into the home and sit down with the parents. Sometimes the whole family has difficulties, and it affects everyone. Some kids may need more attention than others,” said Nili. Some families have children with language difficulties because they have made Aliyah, and Nesach Yisrael is geared to assist them with that. One young boy had parents who were deaf, but he was not. So they had to assist both the child and his family to overcome the obstacles they faced. Baruch Hashem we were able to help this youngster to get on track.

There was another case where the parents said that the child was unable to grasp anything at all in school. Nili, realized after a short while that actually the boy had emotional issues stemming from self-consciousness due to acne. After a stint at Nesach Yisrael he returned to his regular school. His teacher was awestruck at how his performance simply shot up and his performance went through the roof! “He had an IQ of 120, he was a genius. He just had to get over certain things!” Nili exclaimed. There are so many similar happy and heartwarming stories here!  

The Goal – Prepare Students to Mainstream to Regular Schools
 

The goal at Nesach Yisrael is to be able to prepare the students for regular school. Staff members  are regularly in touch with the Board of Education. And the Board of Education staff often seek advice from the Nesach Yisrael program’s staff. In addition, Nili has been in communication with some of the children who have left Nesach Yisrael. She says that they have “moved on to different places in life – some are working, some are doing their higher education, others have children of their own now. We are like one big extended family. We help our students and their families when they are in great difficulty and they stay in touch,” she affirmed.

Now Nesach Yisrael includes three facilities in the Jerusalem vicinity. Rabbi Harari and his wife have a vision of reaching out and helping more children across Israel in the future. 

“The key secret is that we believe in all the children who come through our doors. And we want to make them believe in themselves. That is how they will become amazing, productive citizens and an integral part of the Jewish state.” Rabbi Harari said.

For more information, please contact Rabbi Victor Harari at: rabbivictorharari@gmail.com. 

The Lighter Side – October 2022

If They Had a Jewish Mother…

Christopher Columbus’ Jewish Mother:

“I don’t care what you’ve discovered! You didn’t call, you didn’t write!”

Abraham Lincoln’s Jewish Mother:

“Again with that hat! Why can’t you wear a baseball cap like the other kids?”

Thomas Edison’s Jewish Mother:

“Okay, so I’m proud that you invented the electric light bulb. Now turn it off already and go to sleep!”

Paul Revere’s Jewish Mother:

“I don’t care where you think you have to go, young man. Midnight is long past your bedtime!”

Abhu Cohen

Only in America

A new immigrant from Somalia arrives in New York.  He stops the first person he sees walking down the street and says, “Thank you, Mr. American, for letting me into this country, and for giving me housing, food stamps, free medical care, and free education!”

“You are mistaken,” the pedestrian replies.  “I am French.”

The new arrival walks farther until he sees somebody else.  He stops him, shakes his hand, and says, “Thank you for this wonderful country of America!” But the person puts up his hand and says, “I am from Saudi Arabia, I am not American!”

Finally, he comes upon a nice old lady and asks, “Are you an American?”

“No,” she answers. “I am from Russia!”

Puzzled, he asks her, “Where are all the Americans?”

The Russian lady checks her watch and says… “Probably at work!”

Shella Yaich

Grammar Glee

Teacher: Billy, give me a sentence starting with “I.”

Billy: I is…

Teacher: No Billy, always say, “I am.”

Billy: All right, I am the ninth letter of the alphabet.

  1. G.

Washington’s Secret

Teacher: George Washington not only chopped down his father’s cherry tree, but also admitted it. Now, Billy, do you know why his father didn’t punish him?

Billy: Because George still had the ax in his hand.

Rachel Grazi

Japanese Recession

Japanese banks have been hit almost as hard as American banks. The Origami Bank has folded, and we hear the Sumo Bank has gone belly-up, too. Bonsai Bank plans to cut some of its branches. Karaoke Bank is for sale and is going for a song. Meanwhile, staff at Karate Bank got the chop, and analysts report there is something fishy going on at Sushi Bank, where workers fear they may get a raw deal.

Jack V. Grazi

Ultimate Housekeeping

Monday has always been “Cleaning Day” in the old homestead and my mother still adhered to this ritual even after her children had left the nest. When I stopped by to visit one Monday, I was surprised to see her relaxing in her favorite chair. “Aren’t you feeling well?” I asked her.

“I feel fine,” she replied.

“But you’re not cleaning,” I said.

“After all these years, I’ve finally figured out how to get it done in half the time,” Mom told me. “I simply take off my glasses.”

Jack V. Grazi

Tense Teacher

While reviewing future, past, and present tenses with his ninth-grade English class, the teacher posed the question, “I have black hair is in what tense?” One student quickly called out, “Past tense!”

Carol S.

One Apple Only

The school bell rang, and all the children ran down to the lunchroom. The Jewish day school was having a special lunch that included treats that parents had brought for the students. At the beginning of the lunch line there was a basket full of apples. Next to the apples a teacher had placed a little card that read, “Take only one. Hashem is watching.”

Later in the line there was a big plate of cookies that was already half empty. There was a small piece of paper laid up against the plate with a note written in a child’s sloppy handwriting that read, “Take as many as you want… Hashem is watching the apples!”

Yona Feldman

Education Statistics

Every year, twenty percent of high school students fail their math courses. They are still trying to calculate how many students passed.

Shirley Shapiro

Extra-Curricular Courses

A father sent his son to yeshiva in Israel to learn. After a short time, the father was eager to hear from his son, so he decided to call him.

Father: Hey son, what’s up? You okay? How is it there?

Son: Oh, it’s great. I’m really gaining a lot here.

Father: Really? What Subject?

Son: Weight!

Ezra Levy

Military Unintelligence

When I was in military intelligence, an infantryman teased me about my job. “Being in military intelligence is a cinch compared to the infantry,” he scorned.  “You sit at an office desk all day and don’t take any kind of physical training test,” he scorned.  “Nonsense!” I rebutted.  “We take one, twice a year!” “Yeah?” he said. “Well, we take one every six months!”

Avi C.

The Other Hemingway

Visiting a college campus, the prospective student spots a building called Hemingway Hall. “That’s nice,” he says. “A building named for Ernest Hemingway.”

“Actually,” says the tour guide, “it’s named for Joshua Hemingway.”

“Was he a writer?” the student asks.

“As a matter of fact, he was,” the guide affirmed.

“I’m a little embarrassed that I’m not familiar with any of his work. What did he write?” the student inquired bashfully.

The tour guide looked the student in the eye and answered, “One very big check.”

Morris D.

Skim Scam

To help a friend lose weight, I told her that she should switch to lower-fat foods, including skim milk. When she said her family would drink only whole milk, I suggested that she keep their regular container and refill it with skim milk. This worked for quite a while, until her daughter asked one morning whether the milk was okay.
“Sure, it’s fine,” my friend answered, fearing she had been found out. “Why do you ask?”
The daughter explained, “Well, according to the expiration date, this milk expired six months ago!”

  1. F.

Buddy the Horse

An out-of-towner drove his car into a ditch in a desolate area.  He got out and worriedly looked up and down the road.  After a while, a farmer came to help with a big strong horse named “Buddy” and offered to help get the car out of the ditch.  The farmer hitched Buddy up to the car and yelled, “Pull, Nellie, pull!” Buddy didn’t move.

Then the farmer hollered, “Pull, Buster, pull!” Buddy didn’t respond.

Once more the farmer commanded, “Pull, Coco, pull!” Nothing.

Finally, the farmer nonchalantly said, “Pull, Lenny, pull!” And then the horse easily dragged the car out of the ditch.

The motorist was most appreciative but very curious.  He asked the farmer why he called his horse by the wrong name three times.  The farmer explained, “Oh, Buddy is blind, and if he thought he was the only one pulling, he wouldn’t even try!”

Chanch E. LooLoo

Up Ponder This

Ever stop to think, and forget to start again?

  1. N. E.

Once Upon a Thyme – Yemenite soup with flanken

This Yemenite soup with flanken is the epitome of hearty. The buttery flanken, wholesome vegetables, and rich broth will keep you yearning for another bowl. The clear broth is achieved by cooking the cilantro in a removable mesh bag – which is key to getting picky eaters to try something new. Warm, filling, and nutritious, this soup is perfect as a first course on Sukkot, or during the week as a one pot dinner. 

Serves 8

 

3 tbsp oil  

2 onions peeled and diced 

2 lbs boneless flanken 

½  tsp turmeric 

½ tsp coriander 

½ tsp cumin 

½ tsp cardamom 

8 cloves minced garlic 

1 bunch fresh cilantro 

4 potatoes peeled and cubed 

Optional: frozen wontons or dumplings 

Salt and pepper 

  1. In a heavy 6 quart pot, heat oil and add the chopped onions. Let the onions cook for several minutes until they are softened and brown, then add carrots and cook for another 5 minutes.
  2. Sprinkle the flanken with salt and pepper. Make a well in the middle of the carrot and onions and add the meat to the pan and sear, stirring occasionally, until browned on all sides.
  3. Add cubed potatoes and spices and cover with 14 cups of water. 
  4. Clean cilantro while keeping leaves and stems intact. Place most of the cilantro in a cheesecloth and tie into a knot. Set aside remaining leaves for garnish. 
  5. Add cilantro bundle and garlic to the pot and bring to a boil. Lower to a simmer and cook for 3-4 hours. 
  6. Remove the cilantro bundle and add salt and black pepper to taste. 
  7. Optional: bring soup to a boil and add frozen wontons or dumplings. Cook soup for 10 more minutes and remove immediately so they don’t get soggy or break.
  8. Top with chopped cilantro and serve.

Dear Jido – October 2022

Dear Jido, 

My boss is retiring, and our office wants to make a farewell dinner. The plan right now is to order dinner from a local restaurant and then to split the bill between everyone other than the boss. Since the food won’t be kosher, I don’t feel that I should pay for everyone else’s dinner, especially since I’ll have to bring my own food.  How can I tell my coworkers diplomatically that I won’t be paying the same as everyone else?   

Signed, 

Party Planner 

Dear Party Planner,  

If you’re concerned (1) that they’ll be serving meat and milk and you are helping to pay for that or (2) that there are other Jewish people in the office who would be eating unkosher food that you helped to provide, then you are correct, you should not contribute.  

If on the other hand, you’re only talking about it not being “fair” because you have to pay for a dinner that you’re not eating. Well, sometimes you just have to swallow your pride and ante up.  

How to break the news diplomatically if you decide not to pay? Do the math and then suggest: 

“Hey guys, we have to get the boss something to remember us by. Let’s get him a $500 gift certificate to Amazon and I’m willing to give x dollars more than my share for it ‘cause I’m not paying for the meal.”  

 By the time THEY do the math, they won’t be concerned that you’re not picking up your share of the tab. 

 That’s what I would do…  

Jido

How One Soldier Rose Up in Rank When His Senior Officer Fell in Battle – A Yom Kippur War Testimony

– Avi Kumar

David Caspi was born David Zilberman in 1938 in Izmir, Turkey. Caspi’s father’s paternal ancestors were Ashkenazim who moved from Ukraine to Turkey. His mother was of Ladino-speaking Sephardic heritage. In 1948 his family moved to Israel, in the middle of War of Independence.  

During the Six Day War in 1967, Caspi served in a tank unit along the Egyptian border. His battalion boasts having deployed the first tanks to reach the Suez. During that war, he was promoted from Captain to Major. 

After the war ended, Caspi returned to civilian life, and regularly was called to reserve duty, which was routine for Israeli citizens. He lived in Ramle and worked as a high school principal at a school he had founded.  

Called Again – to Serve in the Yom Kippur War 

When Israel came under attack on all sides in 1973, at the start of the Yom Kippur War, Caspi again received the call to return active service. He and his wife had three children and his wife was five months pregnant at the time. “It was a very difficult moment,” Caspi recalled in an exclusive interview with Community Magazine. “I can never forget my pregnant wife’s face as she was waving goodbye from upstairs at the balcony, while I looked on from outside. That memory still stands out as if it were yesterday,” he related with a sigh. Caspi continued, “Two familiar faces I knew from the Six Day War were in the car that came to pick me up.” His comrades were Tuvia Toren from Haifa and Rami Givoni from Kibbutz Mabarot. “It was such an ordeal, being called up again, after a very recent miraculous victory. It would be very emotionally taxing for anyone, especially for fathers, again separated from their children, not to mention their wives. In fact, nobody in the vehicle that headed from Ramle to Jerusalem said a word along the way. We were all sitting there, pensive with our own thoughts and emotions. I cursed to myself, ‘lazazel!’ literally ‘to hell’ as we drove.”

The team then climbed into the tanks and were off to Golan heights. The British-made Centurion tanks of Division 205 had to reach the Syrian border to face the enemy to the North. The other vehicles on the road were mostly tanks and other support vehicles. Caspi recalls how they carried a lot of equipment and ammunition. “We left with 95 tanks, but only 55 reached the Syrian border in time because they would fall apart or get stuck along the way. Rami and Tuvia went ahead of me on the outbound journey, and both would, alas, not return to the tale.” Monday, the eighth of October the battalion first faced the Syrians in battle at the Golan Heights.  “It was mostly armored tanks vs. armored tanks. The Golan is a very hilly and rocky terrain. There was not much infantry against us because the Syrians had a nearly unlimited amount of artillery and Soviet-made weapons, so spending too much time outside would be risky. That’s how our battles ensued. Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday just went on like this. Wave after wave of Syrians came through relentlessly but we managed to push them away from the border-zone. After those three days, every inch of Ramat Golan was finally under our wing.”   

Headed into Syria 

Instead of a jubilant smile, when the 84-year-old Caspi continued, he dropped his head and his voice fell into a solemn tone. “The next set of orders were to go inside the border to hunt down the Syrian troops that had not penetrated and ‘to use our success to get more success.’ This was a very bad decision. We should have just finished it then and there. Instead, we went in for so much unnecessary loss of life.”  Caspi stated that he believes that a good soldier knows when to pick his battles.

He continued, “So, on the 10th, we breached the Syrian interior. But we were overconfident, and it took a massive toll. Many of our comrades were killed or gravely injured in front of us in this theater. Going into Syria was just a big mistake. The Syrians had a huge advantage of being on the home turf and on higher ground. The Syrians also had superior numbers and brought forth tons of Soviet-made equipment. They had an added edge at night, with Russian provided night-vision glasses, something that we were unfamiliar with.  

“I lost many comrades in the fateful fighting, and we accomplished nothing. The Soviet-made AT-3 Sagger nicknamed ‘Sagger missile’ was perhaps the most dreaded weapon in the Syrian arsenal. It took out many Israelis. I witnessed firsthand how my friend Rami fell in combat. As the rest of the tank crew managed to escape, Rami was stuck inside a crumbling tank. He was injured, and he slowly succumbed to his wounds. It was very painful to witness the Syrians salvage the tank and capture Rami’s corpse. They would return the body some eight months later. 

My regiment was 25 km away from the Israeli border inside Syrian territory, and his battalion, as well as Division 205, were edging very close to Damascus. We were in the most northern theater of the Yom Kippur War. Yes, the Syrians had so many Russian made gadgets, but we were fortunate that they did not have the best training and knowledge as to how to use them efficiently. Had they had that advantage, things would have been worse for us, undoubtedly.” Caspi was second-in-command during this surge of events. 

Promotion in the Midst of Battle

Inside Syria, Tuvia fell after being hit in the neck by an artillery shell on the 16th. His commander, Yossi Peled, turned to Caspi and announced “David, you are now in charge. Don’t say anything!” Caspi shrugged with a very serious air. “Of course, I could not say anything. We had hundreds of burned-out tanks piled up in front of us and so many dead commanders. Inside the battle I just got promoted up the chain of command in an instant. I had no time to ask or think. I got the order to continue and so I did. I had been a Major, and was now a Lieutenant-Colonel. I commanded through five days of intense shelling, as Iraqi expeditionary reinforcements arrived with planes, artillery, and waves of fresh battle-ready troops. They seemed to be advancing closer and closer – but we would not go down so easily. We had to endure. From morning till nightfall, we would fire away, and we were never sure if we would live another day. But we managed to hold our own.  By the 21st of October they announced a ceasefire.” 

From the Far North to the Far South

“Initially, I felt relief and assumed that the war was over, and we could finally go home to our families. But, alas, this was not the case. I was then summoned to Sinai, escorted by commanders Yossi Peled, Moshe Meler, and Guy Yakobson. It took two days for our tanks to arrive, and in the meantime, I was given a helicopter tour to scout and plan our battle strategy before that attack. I then remember sitting in the tanks near the Suez between the Egyptian’s Second and Third Army Divisions waiting for the orders. Then we got the order that my regiment had to cross the canal and get 101 km from Cairo and hold the military there. 101 is a technical term! The goal was to give a message that we were a formidable opponent.”

“This was my second time in the Suez and, yet again, I was not there for a vacation,” Caspi smiled. He reminisced how his squadron’s tanks were the first to arrive in the Suez in the Six Day War. And this time he crossed the canal once more and got into Egyptian territory – another victory! Caspi continued, “We had won after Kissinger had negotiated a ceasefire! I stayed in the Suez for five months after the war.” When Caspi went home for one of his breaks from service, his wife gave birth to their baby (who they named Golan). He told his officer about the well-timed birth, and the officer replied in disbelief, “How did you make such an arrangement?!” Caspi laughed. “He wondered how I could ‘order’ a woman to deliver a baby on a certain date, but that was Gd’s work!”   

Caspi enjoys his well-deserved retirement in Israel. His riveting book, When Grandpa Was at War – The Story of the “Iron Fist” Brigade in the Yom Kippur War, has been published in Hebrew.  

Hoshana Rabbah FAQ

What is Hoshana Rabbah?  

The meaning of Hoshana Rabbah, literally “the Great Salvation,” comes from  hosha = save, na = please, rabba = great. There are three designated days in the calendar for good judgement, Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, and Hoshana Rabbah.  

Every day of Sukkot we walk around the Torah with our lulav and etrog in hand asking Hashem hosha na – to please bring salvation and goodness throughout the year. On the last day of hol hamo’ed Sukkot, as this is the seventh time that we encircle the Torah and the climax of Sukkot, we ask for salvation and help from Hashem in many ways, especially regarding the crops and rain.  

In the times of the Bet Hamikdash, circling the mizbeach with aravot was performed every day, once, and the seventh day seven times. This was so important, that even if it occurred on Shabbat, circling the mizbeach with aravot was still performed.  

What do we do special on this day?  

1) We study the tikkun throughout the night, reviewing the entire Sefer Devarim and Tehillim with excerpts of selihot 2) after Hallel we recite in the hoshanot, specific prayers for many aspects of agriculture 3) after the Tefillah we take five aravot and bang them against the dirt.  

What is the meaning of the extra hoshanot prayers?  

We go around the Torah seven times with our lulav and etrog asking “hosha na” – please help – while mentioning Selihot that upon each segment highlight the merit of one of the seven ushpizin, the first one corresponding to Avraham, the second to Yishak, etc.  

After the seventh circuit we then build upon the refrain of hosha na to more and more steps of beseeching, totaling ten steps.  

  1. Hosha na – We open with the core prayer that we have recited all of the preceding days of Sukkot, asking Hashem to save us.
  2. Anna hoshiah na – We ask for the rebuilding of the Bet Hamikdash
  3. Ani VaHu hoshiah na – We ask for salvation from oppression with the merit of the four species that correspond to parts of our body etrog = heart, lulav = spine, hadasim = eyes, aravot = lips.
  4. Anna El na Hosha-na v’hoshia na – We ask for Him to open the bounty of produce, (naming wheat, barley, spelt, oats, rye, rice, millet, beans, lentils, olive trees and olive oil, grapes, figs, pomegranates, walnuts, dates, apples, pistachios, almonds, chestnuts, carob, mini fruit, peaches, berries, pears, etrog, and all types of vegetables and grains).
  5. Anna El na hosha na v’hatsliha na – We ask to be transplanted back in Eretz Yisrael with its full blessings of bounty and water.
  6. Anna El na hosha na v’harviha na Avinu attah We ask Hashem to not withhold blessed rainwater, and we invoke here the merit of Noah, Avraham, Yishak, Yaakov, and Moshe Rabbenu, who found favor in the Eyes of Hashem.
  7. Anna El na refa na, selah na, hashana v’hoshia na, Avinu attah We invoke the merit of Noah, Avraham, Yishak, Yaakov, Moshe, and Aharon that our prayers today be of glory, praise, cherished, etc. to carry throughout the year.
  8. Hoshienu Moshi’enu ki lecha enenu u’lecha lishuatenuAs we switch over tomorrow, on Shemini Aseret, asking for rain reciting morid hageshem we pray for a year of light, blessing, etc. in Aleph Bet order, here we ask the first four of the Alpeh Bet, seemingly introducing and opening the prayer of Shemini Aseret for rain.
  9. Ha’El l’mosha’aot am nosha b’Adonai, hosha na behasdicha meyahalim l’Adonai, ki lishuatecha kivinu Adonai, Adam u’behemah toshia Adonai, ki lishuatecha kivinu Adonai – The yearning for the salvation from Hashem is the reason and source for our finding favor in the eyes of Hashem.
  10. We then culminate with beseeching for the heralding of the final redemption through Eliyahu HaNavi with the recitation of – kol mevaser, mevaser v’omer 

After musaf, one takes five aravot in a bundle and goes outside to strike them against the dirt.  

What is the meaning of banging aravot against the dirt? 

The aravot represent the lips and represent the non-virtuous, as they have no scent and no taste. Throughout the month and through the holiday we had many mitsvot surrounding and protecting us. As we culminate the season of mitsvot we invoke through aravot representing the lips that all, namely the Satan, which speak negatively of us, to be quieted of lashon hara through hitting them against the dirt [which is the food of the snake, which is the paradigm of lashon hara] that any evil spoken about us shall be quieted.

Can I use the aravot from my lulav?  

Although one halachically can use the ones from his lulav, it is preferable to use aravot not from the lulav. If one does not have aravot, then after your friend has hit his bundle on the ground if there are still most leaves attached, one should use them again, better than putting together from the ones from your lulav.

Fun Hol Hamoed Excursions for the Entire Family

The answer to your kids’ question is – yes! There are, in fact, a lot of options within short driving distances to get out and have fun during Hol Hamoed! And yes, many of them are budget-friendly, kid-friendly, and will be worth the drive. So, ask your kids to check out this list and let the fun and excitement begin!

NEW YORK 

Gray Line Hop on/Hop off Tour

Explore more than 40 major New York City sights on this double decker tour bus that allows you to get on and off where you like. With and Uptown and Downtown pass, you can have access to two major tour routes for one low price. Make a day of it, or hop on and off to see a few sights, the choice is yours! Book at: https://www.grayline.com/tours/new-york-city/hop-on-hop-off-new-york-city-uptown-downtown-pass-5870_70_12130_849/. 

Luna Park @ Coney Island

Home of the first Rollercoaster (opened in 1884), Coney Island’s Luna Park has a rich history as the largest amusement park in New York.  With a scenic boardwalk, thrill rides, a spacious park, historic landmarks, and family-friendly entertainment, it is a great spot for family fun. Learn more at: https://lunaparknyc.com. 

National Geographic Encounter: Ocean Odyssey

Through the magic of technology, this immersive experience takes visitors on a virtual journey through the Pacific Ocean. Walk along the ocean floor, explore ocean life, meet beautiful ocean animals and plants, and more. Visit https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/encounter-ocean-odyssey/. 

The Beast NYC Speed Boat Ride

Looking for a ride to the Statue of Liberty with a little more excitement than the Ferry? Then the Beast might be for you! This high-speed boat takes exciting twists and turns on the way – you might even get a bit wet. Buy tickers at: https://www.thebeastnyc.com.

Intrepid Sea, Air, & Space Museum

This fascinating museum is dedicated to the exhibition of history, science, and military service, as related to its home on the aircraft carrier Intrepid. There are a myriad exhibits that focus on different aspects of science and technology. The museum is full of actual aircraft, submarines, a space shuttle, simulators, and even has even an interactive hall for kids to explore in a hands-on way. For more information go to: https://www.intrepidmuseum.org.

Dewitt Clinton Park

Looking for a more intimate park than Central Park? Dewitt Clinton Park is a small, historically rich green space on Manhattan’s West Side. Dewitt Clinton Park features a playground, a dog run, a historic flower garden, and a myriad of sports fields and courts. Visit https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/de-witt-clinton-park. 

FDNY Fire Zone

Learn about fire safety and have loads of fun with hands-on exhibits, simulators, and real-life fire trucks. Kids can try on actual gear, learn how to crawl through a smoke-filled hall, meet a real fire fighter, and climb into the cab of a truck, all while learning the important lessons for fire safety. Learn more at: https://www.fdnysmart.org/firezone/. 

Lego Store 

Not just your average Lego Store, the one at Rockefeller Center includes a Lego Mosaic Maker, a Minifigure Factory, a digital brick lab, and many other exhibits that make the process of shopping for Legos fun for everyone. Learn more at https://www.lego.com/en-us/stores/store/5th-avenue?y_source=1_MjI2MjYxMDUtNzE1LWxvY2F0aW9uLndlYnNpdGU%3D. 

Brooklyn Children’s Museum

Open to the public since 1899, the world’s first children’s Museum features a huge outdoor playground, special play areas for toddlers, a mini town, a mass of tunnels to explore, and even Jurassic Park mini golf. Purchase Tickets at: https://www.brooklynkids.org. 

Prospect Park Zoo

Situated beside the Brooklyn Botanical Garden, visitors can enjoy red pandas, sea lions, and dingos to name a few. Besides the exotic animals, there is a petting zoo where you can feed adorable sheep or alpacas. Visit https://prospectparkzoo.com. 

Brooklyn Bridge Park

With several kinds of playgrounds, your kids will never grow bored – from Slide Mountain to Sandbox Village and Swing Valley, to the Water Lab, this park is a child’s dream. It’s a great place to have a picnic, with many tables and a beautiful flower garden. Learn more at: https://www.brooklynbridgepark.org/places-to-see/pier-6/.

Shipwrecked

Opened in 2016, Shipwrecked is an entirely indoor entertainment complex with mini-golf, escape rooms, an arcade, and a restaurant. While there is plenty of fun for the whole family, there is an outdoor terrace, specifically designed for adults. Visit  https://www.shipwreckednyc.com/things-to-do.

NEW JERSEY

Sky Zone

Sky Zone Trampoline Park in Ocean, New Jersey, is the place for energetic kids and adults alike.  Walk in or make reservations. The massive indoor playground is filled with trampolines, foam pits, basketball courts, climbing walls, Ninja Warrior-stye obstacle courses, foam jousting, ultimate dodgeball spaces, and zip line.

Monster Mini Golf

It’s fun for all ages at the Monster Mini Golf in Eatontown, New Jersey. Families can partake in 18-hole black light mini golf, a state-of-the-art video arcade, and virtual reality attractions where you can immerse yourself in numerous adventures. Visit the website to look at timely deals and take a virtual tour. Visit https://monsterminigolf.com/eatontown/.

Solve It Sherlock Escape Room

Think you can crack the code, solve the puzzle, and escape the room in time? With five different rooms to choose from, ranging from the moderately hard (5/10) Pirates of the Golden Skull to the very hard (8/10) The Magician’s Secret. Rooms range from two to eight players and are great for friends, family, or coworkers. Solve It Sherlock Escape Room is located in Neptune, New Jersey. To read about the different experiences and book a room visit the website at: https://solveitsherlockescape.com.

Just Play

For families with younger children, Just Play in Oakhurst, NJ, is an indoor playground designed specifically for children up to six years old. Besides open play available every day of the week, Just Play offers private play date options by the hour. For more information, visit www.justplaynj.com.

Holland Ridge Farms 

For a Sunday jaunt until October 23rd, Holland Ridge Farms in Cream Ridge, New Jersey, invites visitors to pick sunflowers and take pictures in their beautiful fields of sunflowers, lilies, mums, dahlias, gladiolus, and more. And check out the petting zoo. Tickets must be purchased online. Visit https://www.hollandridgefarms.com.

Monmouth County Parks

The Monmouth County Park System has facilities and activities for all seasons, including many community activities such as craft shows, and the parks are home to beaches, campgrounds, disc gold courses, off-leash dog parks, skating rinks, fishing, and boating. Explore the area parks online at: https://www.monmouthcountyparks.com/index.aspx. 

Gateway National Recreational Area 

Located in Staten Island, the Gateway National Recreational Area is the perfect spot for enjoying the beautiful outdoors. Catch the stretch of beach for swimming, the cycling lanes, hiking trails, camping, boating, archery, fishing, and myriad of sports fields. Also on site is Sandy Hook, the oldest continuously operating lighthouse in the United States. Check out: https://www.nps.gov/gate/marking-50-years-as-a-national-recreation-area.htm 

Victory Stables

Victory Stables is a beautiful horse farm in Colts Neck, New Jersey with riding lessons, trail rides, horse shows, and various boarding and leasing options. Great for both new and experienced  horseback riders.

Eastmont Orchards

Family owned since 1923 in Colts Neck, New Jersey, the Orchard at one time transported fresh fruit to nearby cities. Now, it sells directly to consumers. How fun to pick your own apples on a crisp fall day! Pick up some honey there, too. Visit the website at: http://eastmontorchards.com.

Allaire Community Farm

Allaire Community Farm in Walls Township is a special place for special animals. The petting zoo animals are all rescues. Check out the horseback riding, too! The low admission price is reinvested in worthy causes like helpings both adults and children with special needs, supporting those with mental health issues, and supporting cancer survivors. Visit the website at: https://allairecommunityfarm.org.

Allaire State Park

Home to the Historic Allaire Village – a living history museum – and Pine Creek Railroad, Allaire State Park is a wonderful opportunity to explore the past up close and personally. Complete with a blacksmith shop, bakery, general store and post office, school, and various other staples of mid-19th century life, visitors can experience history rather than just learning about it. Learn more at: https://allairevillage.org.

Miss Belmar Whale Watching 

Boasting the cleanest and fastest ships, Miss Belmar offers sunset and stargazing cruises, whale watching tours, and fishing charters with excellent crews. Book a trip at: https://missbelmar.com.

This article was compiled with kind assistance from Joy Betesh of Coupon Connection (www.couponconnectionnj.com).

Prioritizing Mental Health

David is the go-to man in the community whenever anyone needs a favor, a donation, or a listening ear. He’s a member of numerous committees, a star employee, the default “busy person,” who others always feel comfortable approaching for help. He’s also crumbling under the stress of his myriad responsibilities and has grown resentful and irritable in private, but as a people pleaser who has been one for as long as he can remember, he can’t bear to disappoint anyone. David’s wife has reached out to her rabbi numerous times complaining how David goes to the end of the earth for others, yet is never home, how their children feel that he never spends time with them, and how, although David is a nice guy to her, she doesn’t feel like she has a relationship with him and is beginning to regularly feel resentment toward David.   

Sara is the resident trendsetter among her family, friends, and acquaintances. She is always up-to-date and ahead of the game in seemingly every area of her life, from clothing to housewares to cooking to parenting. Somehow Sara is able to walk the streets with her seven children under the age of 12, all matching, as calm as can be, leaving everyone around her wondering how she does it. Sara recently had her first panic attack, is having difficulty falling asleep, and has increased her time on Instagram more than she ever could have imagined.  

David and Sara may not seem like your stereotypical therapy clients. They haven’t necessarily experienced major trauma or faced acute psychological illness. Yet each can strengthen themselves and their relationships by prioritizing their mental health. They’re the personification of people who can change their lives for the better by becoming self-aware, understanding what makes them tick, and changing their personal narratives to achieve greatness, confidence, and serenity. 

Contrary to popular belief, you don’t need to be stuck in the throes of a can’t-get-out-of-bed depression, recovering from severe trauma, dealing with out-of-control compulsions, or teetering on the brink of disaster to benefit from therapy. Therapy is not the clichéd lying-on-a-couch-and-talking-about-your-mother experience where the therapist’s only input is a sagely tell me how that makes you FEEL.  

So what exactly happens in therapy, and who goes there? 

Most people visit a therapist without really knowing why. They know that they should be more assertive, yet they can’t get themselves to be assertive. They know that they should be happy with the good in their lives, yet they are consistently sad. They know that they are well-liked and successful, yet are always questioning if they really are.  

There’s a science behind this, and it’s fairly simple: there’s a big gap between your logic and emotions, and therapy helps clients to bridge that gap. 

The human brain has both left and right hemispheres, and they operate almost fully independently. Your left hemisphere operates fully logically, with zero emotions, and within time frames (your logic says: why should it still bother you that your boss fired you if it happened so many years ago?). Your right hemisphere operates fully emotionally, with zero logic, and time frames do not exist (that is why you can still feel the pain from when you were humiliated in 9th grade). This explains how one can read a fictional book or watch a movie knowing that the characters aren’t real and that the jump-scares don’t actually pose a threat to you, but yet you still feel the emotions that they’re designed to evoke even with your logic telling you,” It’s just a movie. It’s fake.”  

David may know (logic/left hemisphere) that real kindness starts at home, and that he could and should say no to people just like everyone else does, yet he constantly fears (emotions/right hemisphere) “Would my friends really be friends with me if I said no?” or “Would the community really still respect me if I gave a lame $100 charity donation when they know I could afford more?” Sara may logically know that true happiness is not about being and keeping things perfect but about being present with herself and her children, yet the feeling of shame and embarrassment of making a mistake or not keeping it all together all of the time overrides her ability to listen to her logic.

Mental health professionals help clients notice these discrepancies and learn how to use both sides of the brain effectively.

Dr. Yossi Shafer, PhD is the clinical director and a clinical psychologist at Empower Health Center, a private practice of multispecialty psychotherapists. They can be reached at 732.666.9898 or office@empowerhealthcenter.net.

The path to Eden on Earth

The yearly Torah reading cycle is not coincidental; every portion that we read is profoundly linked to the time of year in which it is read.  This is certainly true of the very first parashah, Parashat Beresheet, which we read immediately after the holiday season, on the Shabbat following Sukkot and Simhat Torah.

This parashah tells a number of painfully tragic stories – including Adam and Havah’s sin, which brought calamity into the world and for which they were banished from Gan Eden; and the first homicide in human history – Kayin’s murder of his brother, Hevel.  As punishment for this crime, Gd decreed, “Na vanad tihyeh ba’aretz” – that he would be forced to wander about, without settling in one place (4:12).  Just as his parents were banished from Gan Eden, Kayin was similarly banished and forced into exile.

Na” and “Nad

The Hida (Rav Haim Yosef Davod Azoulay, 1724-1806), one of the greatest Sephardic luminaries of the last several centuries, brings a Kabbalistic tradition from the Arizal (Rav Yitzhak Luria, 1534-1572) that Kayin’s crime was so grievous that it was not fully atoned for during his lifetime, and that generations later, the souls of Kayin and Hevel returned to the world so this sin could be rectified.  Later, in Parashat Noah (9:6), Gd pronounces, “Shofech dam ha’adam ba’adam damo yishafech,” establishing that murderers are punished by having their own lives taken.  The Arizal interprets this verse to mean that if one spills a person’s blood (“Shofech dam ha’adam”), he will be killed by the victim, by the person whom he killed (“ba’adam damo yishafech”).  The way this happens, the Arizal explains, is through the process of gilgul (reincarnation of souls), as the souls of both the murderer and the victim return at some later point, and the victim then takes the killer’s life.

Hevel and Kayin, the Arizal taught, returned in the form of Moshe Rabbenu and the Egyptian taskmaster whom he killed.  As we read in the Book of Shemot (2:12), Moshe witnessed a taskmaster violently beating a Hebrew slave, and he proceeded to fatally strike the taskmaster.  The Arizal revealed that Moshe possessed the soul of Hevel, and this evil taskmaster possessed the soul of Kayin, such that Moshe’s assassination of the taskmaster served to rectify the sin of Hevel’s murder.

But even then, as the Hida discusses, the process remained incomplete.  Just as Kayin was driven into exile, Moshe needed to flee from Pharaoh.  He resided in Midyan – a nation whose name contains the letters nun and dalet, which spell “nad,” one of the two punishments decreed upon Kayin (“na – move” – and “nad – wander”).  Moshe fled upon discovering that the news of his killing the taskmaster had spread, whereupon he exclaimed, “Achen noda hadavar” (“Indeed, the matter is known” – Shemot 2:14).  This word resembles the word “nad,” thus alluding to Moshe’s responsibility to continue the tikkun (rectification) of Kayin’s crime against his brother.

Whereas Moshe’s worked to fulfill the decree of “nad,” it was his saintly brother, Aharon, who fulfilled the decree of “na.”  In his merit, Gd provided Beneh Yisrael with the “ananeh hakavod” (“clouds of glory”) to protect them as they traveled.  The word “anan” (“cloud”) resembles the word “na,” and these clouds signified the diametric opposite of banishment and exile, bringing all the people together under a protective, unifying covering.

Our Job During the Tishri Holidays

This process, of rectifying Kayin’s sin of violent hatred, continues to this very day.  All of us, through our devotion to the Torah’s way of life, contribute to this tikkun.  And much of this work is done during the month of Tishri, through the observance of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and Sukkot.

Rosh Hashanah is the day of “din” (judgment), a word which resembles “nad.”  On Yom Kippur, the kohen gadol – a descendant of Aharon – would offer incense in the inner chamber of the Bet Ha’mikdash to create an “anan” (“…ki be’anan era’eh al hakaporet” – Vayikra 16:2), corresponding to the decree of “na.”  This effort continues on Sukkot, which, like Rosh Hashanah, is a day of “din,” as during these days we are judged with regard to rainfall and our water supply (Rosh Hashanah 16a), alluding to the decree of “nad.”  We take the lulav and perform what is called “na’anuim” (waving), another word which brings to mind the decree of “na.”  We also reside in the sukka, which commemorates the ananeh hakavod, yet another allusion to the word “na.”

The intensive process of introspection, prayer, reflection and celebration that we undergo throughout the holiday season has a cosmic effect.  This process serves to bring atonement not only on a personal level, for each individual, and not even for the Jewish People as a whole – but quite literally, for all of humanity.  Kayin’s crime injected spiritual toxins, as it were, into mankind, which we must continually work to purge, even to this day, and this is part of what we’ve accomplished through the uplifting holiday season which we’ve all just gone through.

Being Worthy of Holy Visitors

One of the beautiful – yet mysterious – customs of Sukkot is to invite the ushpizin – seven righteous “guests” – into the sukkah.  Over the seven days of Sukkot, we are “visited” by our righteous forebears – Avraham, Yitzhak, Yaakov, Yosef, Moshe and Aharon – each on a different day.

To unearth the meaning of this concept, let us consider a remarkable story told in the Gemara (Ta’anit 25a) about Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa, a righteous sage who lived with his family in dire poverty.  Once, his wife complained about the family’s woeful state of destitution, and she asked him to pray for a more comfortable livelihood.  As soon as he prayed, a hand descended from the heavens and gave Rabbi Hanina a leg of a table made from gold.  He brought it to his wife, informing here that they had literally struck gold, and could now live comfortably.

That night, Rabbi Hanina’s wife beheld a vision of herself and her husband sitting together with all the other righteous tzadikim in the next world.  Everyone was seated around tables.  However, the table where Rabbi Hanina and his wife sat had only three legs, and was unsteady.  All the other tables stood sturdily on four legs.

The message was clear: the couple’s newfound wealth in this world diminished from the rewards which awaited them in the next world.

In the morning, Rabbi Hanina’s wife told her husband that she was unwilling to make this sacrifice.  He prayed, and the heavenly hand descended once again and brought the golden leg back to the heavens, where it waited to serve Rabbi Hanina and his wife after they departed this world.

There is much to discuss about this story, but the relevant part for our purposes here is the Gemara’s concluding remark: “The second miracle was greater than the first, for we have a tradition that [the heavens] give, but do not take.”  The leg’s return to the heavens was more miraculous than its original descent from the heavens, because Gd generally does not take anything back.

We might ask, what’s the real difference between these two miracles?  Is it really more surprising that a hand would descend from the heavens to take something, than that a hand would come down from the skies to give something?

The answer might be that generally speaking, anything which has spent time in our world is spiritually tainted, and thus unworthy of being brought into the pristine environs of the heavenly domain.  A surgical instrument that was used outside the sterile environment of the operating room would never be allowed in.  What was most remarkable about this golden leg was that it was received back to the heavens after being brought into the spiritually “contaminated” earthly domain.  This was possible because of Rabbi Hanina’s piety.  His home was, essentially, an extension of Gan Eden.  He and his family lived with such piety and purity that the heavenly object remained pure and pristine even after its nightlong stay in their home.  Indeed, it never truly left Gan Eden.

This might be the depth of the custom of ushpizin, as well.

After achieving the tikkun of the special holidays, we have reversed, in a sense, the banishment of Kayin from his homeland, and even the banishment of Adam and Havah from Gan Eden.  We now become worthy of hosting our sacred ancestors, our righteous patriarchs, along with Moshe, Aharon, and David.  After having undergone this intensive process of repentance and tikkun, these righteous figures feel comfortable and at home in our sukkot – because our sukkot are, by this point, an extension of Gan Eden.

Learning From Rabbi Hanina 

This insight should leave us all thinking, as the beautiful holiday season comes to an end, about whether our homes are truly worthy of hosting the ushpizin, whether we are doing enough to turn our homes into Gan Eden.

Of course, we are not expected to reach the level of Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa.  However, we can – and must – learn and draw inspiration from his example.  Earlier (Ta’anit 24b), the Gemara speaks of Rabbi Hanina’s austere lifestyle, how he ate just a kav of carobs all week.  Throughout his life, he prioritized his service of Gd over vain material pursuits.  Rather than allow himself to be preoccupied with comforts and luxuries, he focused his attention solely on religious devotion.  And in so doing, he turned his home into Gan Eden. 

While this is not a standard we should be aspiring to, it does call upon us to reassess our priorities, and to examine whether our lives are properly apportioned, whether we give Torah and mitzvot the priority they deserve.  As we take leave of what was hopefully an uplifting Yom Tov season, let us channel the inspiration we’ve received into transforming our homes into Gan Eden, and making them worthy of Gd’s presence and unlimited blessings.